Although water purification and desalinization are different, these are generally taken to one and the same. Desalinization is one of the systems to purify water. The difference between them is discussed here in details.
Desalinization is a process by which the salt content of water is done away and water is made worth drinking. This process is also named as desalination. Whereas purification includes doing away with all the impurities of seawater, surface water and reclaimed water.
Desalinization basically makes the water salt free and this was done in olden times also. The method adopted was filtration and distillation. This method is capable of removing only undissolved salts and not the dissolved ones.
In commercial use throughout the world, the highest volume desalination plants use Reverse Osmosis systems. The advantage to this (as with the energy inefficient high-volume distillation plants) is when removing the aqueous salts; all organics including waterborne disease-carrying organisms are also removed.
The water purification methods adopted for making lake water drinkable, is not able to make the seawater salt free. Thus the main difference between both these techniques is discussed here.
In addition to these, the two systems have some points of similarities as well. Any desalination system removing aqueous salts will serve as an adequate system for fresh water purification. Commercial scale Reverse Osmosis plants will provide desalination, converting seawater into drinking water. The same Reverse Osmosis plant will be able to convert lake or even sewage water into drinking water as well.
Distillation machines run on electricity to convert the salty water into pure form. Hence places with bountiful power supply can surely use the seawater and other water resources for drinking and cooking purpose with the help of distillation machine installed. Well, on the other hand, this is not the case with the other filtering and purifying appliances as these are incapable to purify seawater.
The process of desalinization is being adopted rapidly the worldwide. These plants utilize either the thermal energy or the membrane method. For this we can also categorize the water desalinization techniques into two type that is, thermal and membrane. Plants using membrane techniques make use of pressure or electricity. The thermal desalinization plants treat the water to boiling point and then cooling the steam into fresh water. This system is domestically preferred because it is easy.
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